Mindfulness in Adaptation to Bereavement: A Systematic Review
Xinyan Sun, Maya J. Schroevers, Max O. Lessing, Julie Karsten, Maarten C. Eisma
Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy November 1, 2025 DOI: 10.1002/cpp.70198 (opens in new tab)
Study at a glance
AI-extracted from the abstract| Characteristics | Systematic review Randomized Longitudinal Cross-sectional Peer reviewed |
|---|---|
| Sample size | 2,097 |
| Population | Bereaved adults |
| Intervention | mindfulness-based interventions |
| Topics | Meditation |
| Keywords | Mental health Psychological intervention Intervention counseling Observational study Complicated grief Randomized controlled trial Clinical psychology Psychotherapist Depression economics Adaptation eye Cognition Longitudinal study Psychological adaptation Traumatic grief |
| Citations | 1 |
| Key findings | Mindfulness is consistently associated with lower levels of prolonged grief and secondary mental health problems in bereaved adults, and mindfulness-based interventions generally reduce secondary mental health outcomes, though effects on prolonged grief are mixed. |
Abstract
Bereavement can precipitate mental health problems, including severe, persistent, and disabling grief, that is, prolonged grief. Cognitive behavioural therapy is the first choice for prolonged grief, but it does not benefit all clients. Mindfulness-based interventions have been proposed as an alternative treatment, yet a comprehensive review on the role of mindfulness in psychological adaptation to bereavement is lacking. Therefore, we searched PsycINFO, Web of Science and PubMed (last search: 24 February 2025; PROSPERO: CRD420251006282) to identify observational and intervention studies on the relationships of mindfulness with prolonged grief and secondary mental health problems (e.g., depression and posttraumatic stress symptoms) in bereaved adults. Thirteen studies (2097 participants) were selected. Study quality varied. Cross-sectional (n = 3) and longitudinal surveys (n = 2) consistently showed significant associations of self-reported mindfulness with levels of prolonged grief and secondary mental health problems. Self-reported mindfulness also predicted changes over time in secondary mental health outcomes but not in prolonged grief symptoms. Intervention studies, including pre-evaluations and post-evaluations (n = 3), nonrandomized trials (n = 4) and an RCT (n = 1), focused mostly on secondary mental health outcomes, with only three intervention studies also including a measure of prolonged grief. Results generally supported the effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions for attenuating secondary mental health outcomes. Findings were mixed for prolonged grief symptoms. Altogether, findings indicated that mindfulness holds promise for improving mental health problems following bereavement. More research, including RCTs and intensive longitudinal studies, is needed to clarify the short- and long-term benefits of mindfulness in people with prolonged grief.
Comparable studies
Other systematic reviews and meta-analyses on meditation, most cited first.
| Study | Year | Design | Participants |
|---|---|---|---|
| Meditation Programs for Psychological Stress and Well-being Diverse adult clinical populations | 2014 | Meta-analysis | n = 3,515 |
| Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction for Stress Management in Healthy People: A Review and Meta-Analysis Healthy subjects | 2009 | Systematic review and meta-analysis | |
| The psychological effects of meditation: A meta-analysis. Nonclinical groups of adult meditators | 2012 | Meta-analysis | n = 163 |
| Efficacy of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy in Prevention of Depressive Relapse Adults with recurrent depression in full or partial remission | 2016 | Meta-analysis of individual patient data from randomized controlled trials | n = 1,258 |
| Mindfulness‐Based Stress Reduction and Mindfulness‐Based Cognitive Therapy – a systematic review of randomized controlled trials | 2011 | Systematic review |
Citations in the library
Cites 12
- Using Self-Report Assessment Methods to Explore Facets of Mindfulness Assessment January 27, 2006
- Construct Validity of the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire in Meditating and Nonmeditating Samples Assessment February 29, 2008
- Cognitive reappraisal, emotional expression and mindfulness in adaptation to bereavement: a longitudinal study Anxiety, Stress, and Coping January 13, 2023
- Mindfulness and Relaxation Interventions Reduce Depression, Negative Affect and Stress in Widow(er)s Journal of Loss and Trauma June 1, 2025
- Cognitive Behavior Therapy vs Mindfulness in Treatment of Prolonged Grief Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Psychiatry July 1, 2024
and 7 more in the library