The Amsterdam Resting-State Questionnaire reveals multiple phenotypes of resting-state cognition
B. Alexander eDiaz, Sophie eVan der Sluis, Sarah eMoens, Jeroen S. Benjamins, Filippo eMigliorati, Diederick eStoffers, Anouk eDen Braber, Simon-Shlomo ePoil, Richard eHardstone, Dennis eVan 'T Ent, Dorret I. Boomsma, Eco eDe Geus, Huibert D. Mansvelder, Eus J.W. van Someren, Klaus eLinkenkaer-Hansen
Frontiers in Human Neuroscience May 22, 2014 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2013.00446 (opens in new tab) via DOAJ
Summary
AI-generated from the abstractA 50-item self-report survey, the Amsterdam Resting-State Questionnaire (ARSQ), was developed to measure cognition during rest. Based on data from 813 participants after five minutes of eyes-closed rest at home, factor analysis identified seven dimensions of resting-state cognition: Discontinuity of Mind, Theory of Mind, Self, Planning, Sleepiness, Comfort, and Somatic Awareness. The structure of cognition was similar during resting-state fMRI and EEG, with high test-retest correlations. Mental health correlated positively with Comfort and negatively with Discontinuity of Mind. Sleepiness may partially explain a resting-state EEG profile previously linked to Alzheimer's disease. The ARSQ provides information about cognitive phenotypes for research on neural correlates of resting-state cognition.
Study at a glance
| Characteristics | Cross-sectional survey with factor analysis Peer reviewed |
|---|---|
| Sample size | 813 |
| Population | Participants assessed after five minutes eyes-closed rest in their home |
| Keywords | Consciousness Mental health EEG Mind wandering Introspection |
| Key finding | Seven dimensions of resting-state cognition were identified via factor analysis of the Amsterdam Resting-State Questionnaire, with mental health correlating positively with Comfort and negatively with Discontinuity of Mind. |
Abstract
Resting-state neuroimaging is a dominant paradigm for studying brain function in health and disease. It is attractive for clinical research because of its simplicity for patients, straightforward standardization, and sensitivity to brain disorders. Importantly, non-sensory experiences like mind wandering may arise from ongoing brain activity. However, little is known about the link between ongoing brain activity and cognition, as phenotypes of resting-state cognition—and tools to quantify them—have been lacking. To facilitate rapid and structured measurements of resting-state cognition we developed a 50-item self-report survey, the Amsterdam Resting-State Questionnaire (ARSQ). Based on ARSQ data from 813 participants assessed after five minutes eyes-closed rest in their home, we identified seven dimensions of resting-state cognition using factor analysis: Discontinuity of Mind, Theory of Mind, Self, Planning, Sleepiness, Comfort, and Somatic Awareness. Further, we showed that the structure of cognition was similar during resting-state fMRI and EEG, and that the test-retest correlations were remarkably high for all dimensions. To explore whether inter-individual variation of resting-state cognition is related to health status, we correlated ARSQ-derived factor scores with psychometric scales measuring depression, anxiety, and sleep quality. Mental health correlated positively with Comfort and negatively with Discontinuity of Mind. Finally, we show that sleepiness may partially explain a resting-state EEG profile previously associated with Alzheimer’s disease. These findings indicate that the ARSQ readily provides information about cognitive phenotypes and that it is a promising tool for research on the neural correlates of resting-state cognition in health and disease.