The Impact of Trauma on Sleep Quality: Examining the Role of Nightmares in Cognitive Impairment

Background: Trauma has a profound impact on both psychological and physiological functioning, with sleep disturbances-particularly nightmares-emerging as one of the most commonly reported symptoms. These sleep disruptions often co-occur with cognitive difficulties, affecting memory and attention.

Purpose: The present study aimed to explore the relationship between trauma history, nightmare frequency and their effects on cognitive functions such as memory and concentration among young adults aged 18-30.

Methods: A sample of 22 participants was surveyed using a structured questionnaire designed to assess trauma exposure, sleep quality, nightmare frequency and self-reported cognitive performance. Data were analysed to identify associations between trauma experiences, sleep disturbances and cognitive outcomes.

Results: Individuals with a history of trauma reported more frequent nightmares and poorer sleep quality. A notable association was observed between frequent nightmares and cognitive difficulties, particularly memory lapses and problems with concentration. Participants experiencing regular nightmares also reported higher levels of daytime impairment, indicating a link between nocturnal distress and reduced cognitive efficiency.

Conclusion: The findings highlight the significance of recognising nightmares not only as a symptom of trauma but also as a contributing factor to cognitive challenges. Integrating sleep-focused interventions into trauma-informed care may enhance cognitive well-being and overall functioning among affected individuals. This study adds to the growing evidence underscoring the interconnectedness of trauma, sleep and cognitive health.