The Impact of Trauma on Sleep Quality: Examining the Role of Nightmares in Cognitive Impairment

Young adults aged 18–30 with a history of trauma reported more frequent nightmares, poorer sleep quality, and greater cognitive difficulties—particularly memory lapses and concentration problems—than those without trauma. Regular nightmares were also linked to higher daytime impairment, suggesting that nocturnal distress contributes to reduced cognitive efficiency. The findings indicate that nightmares are not merely a symptom of trauma but also a factor in cognitive challenges, and that sleep-focused interventions may improve cognitive well-being in trauma-affected individuals.

Study at a glance

Abstract

Background: Trauma has a profound impact on both psychological and physiological functioning, with sleep disturbances-particularly nightmares-emerging as one of the most commonly reported symptoms. These sleep disruptions often co-occur with cognitive difficulties, affecting memory and attention. Purpose: The present study aimed to explore the relationship between trauma history, nightmare frequency and their effects on cognitive functions such as memory and concentration among young adults aged 18-30. Methods: A sample of 22 participants was surveyed using a structured questionnaire designed to assess trauma exposure, sleep quality, nightmare frequency and self-reported cognitive performance. Data were analysed to identify associations between trauma experiences, sleep disturbances and cognitive outcomes. Results: Individuals with a history of trauma reported more frequent nightmares and poorer sleep quality. A notable association was observed between frequent nightmares and cognitive difficulties, particularly memory lapses and problems with concentration. Participants experiencing regular nightmares also reported higher levels of daytime impairment, indicating a link between nocturnal distress and reduced cognitive efficiency. Conclusion: The findings highlight the significance of recognising nightmares not only as a symptom of trauma but also as a contributing factor to cognitive challenges. Integrating sleep-focused interventions into trauma-informed care may enhance cognitive well-being and overall functioning among affected individuals. This study adds to the growing evidence underscoring the interconnectedness of trauma, sleep and cognitive health.