Mindfulness training enhances flow state and mental health among baseball players in Taiwan
Jian-Hong Chen, Po-hsin Tsai, Yin-Chou Lin, Chih-Ken Chen, Ching‐Yen Chen
Psychology Research and Behavior Management December 1, 2018 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s188734 (opens in new tab)
Study at a glance
AI-extracted from the abstract| Characteristics | Pre-post intervention with follow-up Peer reviewed |
|---|---|
| Sample size | 21 |
| Population | Amateur baseball team in Taiwan |
| Intervention | Mindful sport performance enhancement (MSPE) |
| Duration | 4-week workshop, with follow-up at 4 weeks post-intervention |
| Topics | Meditation |
| Key points | Mindful sport performance enhancement improved flow state, cognitive anxiety, eating disorder symptoms, and sleep disturbance in elite athletes. |
Abstract
Objective: To examine the effect of mindfulness-based training on performance and mental health among a group of elite athletes.
Methods: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of mindful sport performance enhancement (MSPE) on mental health, flow state, and competitive state anxiety using a 4-week workshop. We recruited an amateur baseball team (N=21) in Taiwan, and collected information by self-reported questionnaires administered before, immediately after, and at a 4-week follow-up. The primary outcome was to evaluate sports performance by flow state and competitive state anxiety, which included self-confidence, somatic anxiety, and cognitive anxiety. The secondary outcome was to explore whether MSPE intervention can improve anxiety, depression, sleep disturbance, and eating disorders.
Result: After the workshop and follow-up 1 month later, we found improvements in flow state (P=0.001; P=0.045), cognitive anxiety in competitive anxiety (P=0.056; P=0.008), global eating disorder (P=0.009; P<0.001), marked shape concern (P=0.005; P<0.001), and weight concern (P=0.007; P<0.001). Scores of sleep disturbance (P=0.047) showed significant improvement at follow-up. We also found significant association between flow state and mindfulness ability (P<0.001).
Conclusion: This is the first mindfulness intervention to enhance athletes’ performance in Taiwan, and also the first application of MSPE for team sports. Our study results suggested that mindfulness ability is associated with flow state, and that MSPE is a promising training program for strengthening flow state and mental health.