Default Mode Network, Meditation, and Age-Associated Brain Changes: What Can We Learn from the Impact of Mental Training on Well-Being as a Psychotherapeutic Approach?

Aging involves cognitive decline, especially in memory and executive functions, partly due to changes in the default mode network (DMN). The DMN works antisynchronously with task-positive networks (TPN) that support executive function and memory. Regulating the DMN by activating TPN may offer neuroprotection. Meditation, a noninvasive technique, increases meta-awareness and helps control both networks. This review proposes that practicing specific meditation types could slow cognitive decline and promote healthy aging, potentially enhancing elderly quality of life.

Study at a glance

Abstract

Aging is a physiological process accompanied by cognitive decline, principally in memory and executive functions. Alterations in the connectivity of the default mode network (DMN) have been found to participate in cognitive decline, as well as in several neurocognitive disorders. The DMN has antisynchronic activity with attentional networks (task-positive networks (TPN)), which are critical to executive function and memory. Findings pointing to the regulation of the DMN via activation of TPN suggest that it can be used as a strategy for neuroprotection. Meditation is a noninvasive and nonpharmacological technique proven to increase meta-awareness, a cognitive ability which involves the control of both networks. In this review, we discuss the possibility of facilitating healthy aging through the regulation of networks through meditation. We propose that by practicing specific types of meditation, cognitive decline could be slowed, promoting a healthy lifestyle, which may enhance the quality of life for the elderly.