Inner privacy of conscious experiences and quantum information.

Consciousness consists of inner, private, first-person experiences that cannot be observed or communicated via classical bits of information, posing a challenge for explaining how it could arise from physical neurons. Classical thought experiments like inverted qualia and the knowledge argument highlight this difficulty but do not prove consciousness is nonphysical. Modern quantum physics distinguishes between unobservable quantum state vectors (what exists) and observable quantum operators (what can be observed). Identifying consciousness with unobservable quantum information in brain states resolves paradoxes of privacy and explains how the observable brain arises from classical information extracted from quantum states, bound by Holevo's theorem.

Study at a glance

Abstract

The human mind is constituted by inner, subjective, private, first-person conscious experiences that cannot be measured with physical devices or observed from an external, objective, public, third-person perspective. The qualitative, phenomenal nature of conscious experiences also cannot be communicated to others in the form of a message composed of classical bits of information. Because in a classical world everything physical is observable and communicable, it is a daunting task to explain how an empirically unobservable, incommunicable consciousness could have any physical substrates such as neurons composed of biochemical molecules, water, and electrolytes. The challenges encountered by classical physics are exemplified by a number of thought experiments including the inverted qualia argument, the private language argument, the beetle in the box argument and the knowledge argument. These thought experiments, however, do not imply that our consciousness is nonphysical and our introspective conscious testimonies are untrustworthy. The principles of classical physics have been superseded by modern quantum physics, which contains two fundamentally different kinds of physical objects: unobservable quantum state vectors, which define what physically exists, and quantum operators (observables), which define what can physically be observed. Identifying consciousness with the unobservable quantum information contained by quantum physical brain states allows for application of quantum information theorems to resolve possible paradoxes created by the inner privacy of conscious experiences, and explains how the observable brain is constructed by accessible bits of classical information that are bound by Holevo's theorem and extracted from the physically existing quantum brain upon measurement with physical devices.