Skip to content

Treatment of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) in Post-SARS-CoV-2 Infection through combined outpatient Neuromodulation Therapy with Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) and Ketamine IV Therapy - A Case Series

Chiara Rolle, Mario H W Scheib, Anja Frank, Isabella Russ

preprint DOI: 10.31219/osf.io/qzgc9 (opens in new tab)

Relevant Not relevant

Study at a glance

AI-extracted from the abstract
Characteristics Case series Case report
Sample size 4
Population Patients with post-COVID syndrome and chronic fatigue syndrome
Intervention Low-frequency (1 Hz) repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation
Duration 2 to 3 weeks
Topics Esketamine Ketamine
Citations 1
Key findings Three of four patients with post-COVID syndrome and chronic fatigue syndrome experienced significant improvement after treatment with low-frequency rTMS and ketamine IV infusion.

Abstract

The most reported symptom of post-COVID syndrome is pronounced fatigue (Malik et al., 2021; Venkatesan, 2021). In this case series, we present the treatment of four patients suffering from Post-COVID syndrome after more than 3 months since infection, presented diagnostically within the framework of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). They were treated with a combination of Low-frequency (1 Hz) repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and ketamine intravenous (IV) infusion therapy for a period of 2 to 3 weeks. Three patients experienced significant improvement. Given the promising results further research is indicated.

Comparable studies

Other case reports and case series on ketamine, most cited first.

Study Year Design Participants
The destruction of the lower urinary tract by ketamine abuse: a new syndrome? Young recreational abusers of street-ketamine in Hong Kong referred to urology units 2008 Retrospective case series n = 59
Electroconvulsive Therapy, Ketamine, and Esketamine in a Patient with Major Depressive Disorder and Multiple Comorbidities: A Case Report over 10-year Treatment from Adolescence to Adulthood. A patient with treatment-resistant depression and comorbid generalized anxiety... 2025 Case report n = 1
Treatment of compulsive behaviour in eating disorders with intermittent ketamine infusions Chronic and treatment-resistant eating disorder patients 1998 Case series n = 15
Oral Administration of the NMDA Receptor Antagonist S-Ketamine as Add-On Therapy of Depression: A Case Series Four depressed patients taking standard antidepressants 2009 Case series n = 4
A longitudinal case series of IM ketamine for patients with severe and enduring eating disorders and comorbid treatment‐resistant depression Patients with enduring eating disorders and treatment-resistant depression 2021 Case series n = 4

Citations in the library

Cited by 1

Cites 4

Related reading

Explore topics

Esketamine Ketamine