Consciously detecting and recognizing a past visual word after its sensory trace is gone
Daphne Rimsky Robert, Matteo Lisi, Kévin Nguy, Roxane Jannin, Thomas Hardy, Nathan Beraud, Claire Sergent
Communications Psychology June 9, 2026 DOI: 10.1038/s44271-026-00478-9 (opens in new tab)
Study at a glance
AI-extracted from the abstract| Characteristics | Experimental study Peer reviewed |
|---|---|
| Intervention | visual masking with retrospective cueing |
| Keywords | Sensory system Masking illustration Trace psycholinguistics Synesthesia Consciousness Representation politics Word group theory Covert Cognitive psychology Process computing Qualia Visual masking Communication Cognitive science Visual perception |
| Key findings | Retro-cueing with a semantically related auditory word improved detection and identification of a visually masked word but not its visual features, indicating that semantic representations can reach awareness independently of low-level sensory information. |
Abstract
What is the role of sensory processing in conscious perception? Current theories of consciousness are divided on this question. Some propose that conscious perception arises during the buildup of sensory representations. Others argue for a secondary process that broadcasts these representations to higher-level areas. This second view makes a counter-intuitive prediction: one could consciously perceive abstract representations untied to any low-level sensory feature. We tested this prediction by combining visual masking with retrospective cueing. We found that when visually masked words were followed by a semantically related auditory word, participants were better at detecting this past word and reporting its identity, but were strikingly unable to report its visual features (letter casing or position on screen). This suggests that retro-cueing can help a semantic representation reach awareness even after the associated sensory information has been masked. The mechanisms of conscious access might thus be largely independent of early sensory build-up.