The immune regulatory mechanism of ketamine-induced psychiatric disorders: A new perspective on drug-induced psychiatric symptoms.
Peipei Wang, Junmei Hu, Congliang Chen, Zihan Jiang, Yu Zhang, Kexin Lin, Linchuan Liao, Xia Wang
Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry January 10, 2025 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.111194 (opens in new tab)
Study at a glance
AI-extracted from the abstract| Characteristics | Review Peer reviewed |
|---|---|
| Topics | Ketamine Esketamine |
| Keywords | New drugs Ketamine therapy Neuroimmunology research Psychiatric treatment Immune system Drug mechanisms |
| Citations | 2 |
| Key findings | The immune regulatory mechanism is the most prominent explanatory theory for ketamine-induced psychiatric symptoms, and the crosstalk between peripheral and central immune systems plays a collaborative role in the onset and progression of psychiatric diseases. |
Abstract
Ketamine, a psychoactive substance strictly regulated by international drug conventions, is classified as a "new type drug" due to its excitatory, hallucinogenic, or inhibitory effects. The etiology of ketamine-induced psychiatric symptoms is multifaceted, with the immune regulatory mechanism being the most prominent among several explanatory theories. In recent years, the interaction between the immune system and nervous system have garnered significant attention in neuropsychiatric disorder research. Notably, the infiltration of peripheral lymphocytes into the central nervous system has emerged as an early hallmark of certain neuropsychiatric disorders. However, a notable gap exists in the current literature, regarding the immune regulatory mechanisms, specifically the peripheral immune alterations, associated with ketamine-induced psychiatric symptoms. To address this void, this article endeavors to provide a comprehensive overview of the pathophysiological processes implicated in psychiatric disorders or symptoms, encompassing those elicited by ketamine. This analysis delves into aspects such as nerve damage, alterations within the central immune system, and the regulation of the peripheral immune system. By emphasizing the intricate crosstalk between the peripheral immune system and the central nervous system, this study sheds light on their collaborative role in the onset and progression of psychiatric diseases or symptoms. This insight offers fresh perspectives on the underlying mechanisms, diagnosis and therapeutic strategies for mental disorders stemming from drug abuse.
Comparable studies
Other narrative reviews on ketamine, most cited first.
| Study | Year | Design | Participants |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ketamine and Ketamine Metabolite Pharmacology: Insights into Therapeutic Mechanisms | 2018 | Review | |
| Mechanisms of Ketamine Action as an Antidepressant | 2018 | Review | |
| Synthesizing the Evidence for Ketamine and Esketamine in Treatment-Resistant Depression: An International Expert Opinion on the Available Evidence and Implementation Adults with treatment-resistant depression | 2021 | Review | |
| Ketamine Pharmacology: An Update (Pharmacodynamics and Molecular Aspects, Recent Findings) | 2013 | Review | |
| A Consensus Statement on the Use of Ketamine in the Treatment of Mood Disorders | 2017 | Review and consensus statement |
Citations in the library
Cites 9
- R-ketamine: a rapid-onset and sustained antidepressant without psychotomimetic side effects Translational Psychiatry September 1, 2015
- Intravenous arketamine for treatment-resistant depression: open-label pilot study European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience February 20, 2020
- Brain damages in ketamine addicts as revealed by magnetic resonance imaging Frontiers in Neuroanatomy May 22, 2014
- Subchronic ketamine treatment leads to permanent changes in EEG, cognition and the astrocytic glutamate transporter EAAT2 in mice Neurobiology of Disease March 22, 2021
- The Missing Piece? A Case for Microglia's Prominent Role in the Therapeutic Action of Anesthetics, Ketamine, and Psychedelics. Neurochemical Research April 1, 2023
and 4 more in the library