Cognitive and kinematic markers of ketamine effects in behaving non-human primates.
Pierre Pouget, Pierre Daye, Martin Paré
European Journal of Pharmacology January 15, 2025 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.177185 (opens in new tab)
Study at a glance
AI-extracted from the abstract| Characteristics | Experimental study Peer reviewed |
|---|---|
| Population | Primates |
| Intervention | Ketamine injection |
| Topics | Ketamine Esketamine |
| Keywords | Cognition Motor kinematic Saccade Psychopharmacology Eye movement disorders Motor control Cognitive neuroscience |
| Citations | 2 |
| Key findings | Ketamine substantially decreased horizontal saccade deceleration but left vertical saccade deceleration largely unaffected, demonstrating differential maintenance of kinematics in the motor brainstem generator circuit. |
Abstract
Ketamine is widely used to probe cognitive functions relying on the properties of methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) synaptic transmission. Numerous works have proved that cognitive performance and adjustments in the decision or perceptual domains are affected after ketamine injection in general circulation of primates. Here, we take advantage of that in the brain stem; horizontal saccade deceleration is controlled by glycine-NMDAR-gated current, while gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) current controls vertical deceleration to demonstrate that despite general circulation level manipulation of NMDAR synaptic transmission, the kinematic of the saccade appeared to be in the motor brainstem generator circuit differentially maintained. The results show that the deacceleration of the saccade elicited toward a horizontal target was substantially decreased, while the deacceleration of a vertical saccade remained largely unaffected. These results provide functional distinct markers for estimating cognitive and kinematic NMDAR-gated specificity acting in the pre-frontal cortex while maintaining specificity among the GABA circuit of drugs in general circulation.
Comparable studies
Other experimental studies on ketamine, most cited first.
| Study | Year | Design | Participants |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ketamine activates psychosis and alters limbic blood flow in schizophrenia Schizophrenic individuals | 1995 | Experimental study | |
| The spectral exponent of the resting EEG indexes the presence of consciousness during unresponsiveness induced by propofol, xenon, and ketamine Healthy participants | 2019 | Controlled experimental study | n = 15 |
| Ketamine Increases Human Motor Cortex Excitability to Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Normal human subjects | 2003 | Experimental study | n = 7 |
| Evidence that Subanesthetic Doses of Ketamine Cause Sustained Disruptions of NMDA and AMPA-Mediated Frontoparietal Connectivity in Humans Human participants | 2015 | Experimental study | |
| Simultaneous population pharmacokinetic modelling of ketamine and three major metabolites in patients with treatment‐resistant bipolar depression Patients with treatment-resistant bipolar depression | 2012 | Population pharmacokinetic analysis | n = 9 |
Citations in the library
Cites 4
- Subanesthetic Effects of the Noncompetitive NMDA Antagonist, Ketamine, in Humans Archives of General Psychiatry March 1, 1994
- The Effects of Ketamine on Cognition in Treatment-Resistant Depression: A Systematic Review and Priority Avenues for Future Research. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews November 23, 2020
- Rapid development of tolerance to sub-anaesthetic dose of ketamine: an oculomotor study in macaque monkeys. Psychopharmacology May 2010
- Behavioral effects of ketamine, an NMDA glutamatergic antagonist, in non-human primates. Psychopharmacology September 1, 1999