Acute Effects of Dexfenfluramine (d‐FEN) and Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) before and after Short‐Course, High‐Dose Treatment
David L Frederick, Syed F. Ali, Michael Gillam, Jeff Gossett, William Slikker, Merle G. Paule
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences May 1, 1998 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb08233.x (opens in new tab)
Study at a glance
AI-extracted from the abstract| Characteristics | Experimental study Peer reviewed |
|---|---|
| Sample size | 9 |
| Population | Rhesus monkeys |
| Interventions | MDMA dexfenfluramine |
| Dose | 10 mg/kg MDMA or 5 mg/kg dexfenfluramine, 2×/day × 4 days intramuscular injections |
| Duration | Acute effects assessed shortly after each drug; high-dose exposure lasted 4 days; follow-up acute testing about one month later; neurochemical endpoints assessed approximately six months after high-dose treatment |
| Topics | MDMA Serotonin |
| Keywords | Neurochemical Hallucinogen Dexfenfluramine Pharmacology Acute exposure Anesthesia |
| Citations | 32 |
| Key findings | High-dose MDMA exposure produced residual behavioral tolerance to acute MDMA and d-FEN effects, while identical serotonin depletion from d-FEN exposure did not. |
Abstract
ABSTRACT: The acute behavioral effects of methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and dexfenfluramine (d‐FEN) were assessed in six rhesus monkeys using performance in the National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR) Operant Test Battery (OTB); three additional animals served as controls for neurochemical endpoints. The OTB consists of five food‐reinforced tasks designed to model aspects of learning, short‐term memory and attention, time estimation, motivation, and color and position discrimination. Shortly after the acute effects of each drug were determined, three of the monkeys received a short‐course, high‐dose exposure (2×/day × 4 days, intramuscular (i.m.) injections) of MDMA (10 mg/kg), while three monkeys were exposed to an identical regimen of d‐FEN (5 mg/kg). Approximately one month later, the acute effects of each drug were again determined. In monkeys exposed to high‐dose d‐FEN, the sensitivities of the OTB tasks to acute disruption by either MDMA or d‐FEN were essentially unchanged. Conversely, monkeys treated with high‐dose MDMA were less sensitive to the acute behavioral effects of both drugs, although such an effect was seen more frequently for d‐FEN and was OTB task specific. Thus a residual behavioral tolerance to the acute behavioral effects of MDMA and d‐FEN was noted after high‐dose MDMA exposure, but not after high‐dose d‐FEN exposure. These findings are surprising, as similar neurochemical effects ( i.e. , significant decreases of ca. 50% in serotonin in frontal cortex and hippocampus) were observed in all monkeys approximately six months after short‐course, high‐dose MDMA or d‐FEN treatment.