Experiences of Australian clinicians, researchers, and patients with MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for post-traumatic stress disorder: A framework-guided qualitative analysis.

Abstract

Australia recently became the first country to reschedule methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) to permit authorized prescribing for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) outside of clinical trials. This study explored the direct experience of Australian clinicians, researchers, and patients regarding the use of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy (MDMA-AP) for PTSD to inform guideline development. In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with clinicians, researchers, and patients who had direct experience with the use of MDMA-AP or PTSD. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and coded. Themes were developed using both inductive and deductive approaches (guided by the World Health Organization Guide to Good Prescribing framework). Twenty-one interviews were conducted with clinicians (mental health-focused general practitioners, psychiatrists, psychologists, therapists), researchers (health economist, pharmacologist, social worker, trial researcher), and patients. Eleven themes emerged: (1) role of MDMA-AP in relation to established PTSD therapies; (2) importance of expectation management and shared decision-making; (3) perceived therapeutic benefits of MDMA-AP; (4) importance of comprehensive baseline screening (medical, psychological, financial, and social support); (5) variable patient values and preferences; (6) desire for flexible treatment protocols; (7) importance of comprehensive and ongoing consent; (8) duty of care in establishing strong therapeutic alliance; (9) patient need for information about process and logistics; (10) treatment monitoring and discontinuation; and (11) importance of post-treatment continuity of care. Australians with direct experience of the use of MDMA-AP or PTSD highlight the importance of expectation management, comprehensive screening, consent, safeguard measures, therapeutic alliance, integration of care, and training of healthcare providers. As MDMA-AP becomes implemented into clinical practice, there is scope to incorporate these insights into a national guideline.