Management of overdoses of salvia, kratom, and psilocybin mushrooms: a literature review
Justin P. Reinert, Kayla N. Colunga, Alexandria Etuk, Victoria Richardson, Rebecca L. Dunn
Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology July 10, 2020 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2020.1794811 (opens in new tab)
Study at a glance
AI-extracted from the abstract| Characteristics | Review Peer reviewed |
|---|---|
| Topics | Psilocybin |
| Keywords | Health care Cinahl Traditional medicine Intensive care medicine Hallucinogen Psychological intervention Alkaloids |
| Citations | 11 |
| Key findings | Clinicians should consider salvia, kratom, and psilocybin mushrooms as potential etiologies in overdose scenarios due to increased global use, though such overdoses are not typically fatal. |
Abstract
Salvia, kratom, and psilocybin mushrooms may not be an initial consideration when healthcare practitioners are triaging an overdose scenario; however, data from around the world demonstrate an increased use of these agents. While not typically fatal, clinicians must be prepared to assess these as a potential etiology of overdoses and provide appropriate supportive care.
Comparable studies
Other narrative reviews on psilocybin, most cited first.
| Study | Year | Design | Participants |
|---|---|---|---|
| Classic psychedelics: An integrative review of epidemiology, therapeutics, mystical experience, and brain network function. General population | 2019 | Integrative review | |
| The pharmacology of psilocybin | 2002 | Review | |
| Serotonin research: contributions to understanding psychoses | 2008 | Review | |
| Psychedelics, Meditation, and Self-Consciousness | 2018 | Review | |
| The abuse potential of medical psilocybin according to the 8 factors of the Controlled Substances Act | 2018 | Review |
Citations in the library
Cited by 4
- Psychedelic Psychiatry and the Consult-Liaison Psychiatrist: A Primer Journal of the Academy of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry January 21, 2021
- Mushroom poisoning: An updated review Turkish Journal of Emergency Medicine 2025
- “The mushroom was more alive and vibrant”: Patient reports of synthetic versus organic forms of psilocybin Journal of Psychedelic Studies October 29, 2024
- Acute Hallucinogen Intoxication Following Ingestion of a Commercially Available Mushroom Extract Product: A Case Report Cureus June 13, 2026
Cites 11
- Salvinorin A: a potent naturally occurring nonnitrogenous kappa opioid selective agonist. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences September 3, 2002
- Acute psychological and physiological effects of psilocybin in healthy humans: a double-blind, placebo-controlled dose?effect study Psychopharmacology March 1, 2004
- Psilocybin – Summary of knowledge and new perspectives European Neuropsychopharmacology December 17, 2013
- Opioid receptors and legal highs:Salvia divinorumand Kratom Clinical Toxicology 2008
- Recreational Use, Analysis and Toxicity of Tryptamines Current Neuropharmacology December 10, 2014
and 6 more in the library