Adverse experiences resulting in emergency medical treatment seeking following the use of magic mushrooms
Emma I Kopra, Jason Ferris, Adam Winstock, Allan H. Young, James Rucker
Journal of Psychopharmacology April 7, 2022 DOI: 10.1177/02698811221084063 (opens in new tab)
Study at a glance
AI-extracted from the abstract| Characteristics | Cross-sectional survey Peer reviewed |
|---|---|
| Sample size | 9,233 |
| Population | Past year magic mushroom users who completed the 2017 Global Drug Survey |
| Duration | 12-month prevalence |
| Topics | Psilocybin |
| Keywords | Adverse effect Magic telescope Medical emergency Anesthesia Pharmacology |
| Citations | 65 |
| Key findings | Only 0.2% of past year magic mushroom users sought emergency medical treatment, and all but one recovered within 24 hours. |
Abstract
Background: Psilocybin-containing mushrooms are used for recreational, spiritual, self-development and therapeutic purposes. However, physiologically relatively nontoxic, adverse reactions are occasionally reported.
Aims: This study investigated the 12-month prevalence and nature of magic mushroom-related adverse reactions resulting in emergency medical treatment seeking in a global sample of people reporting magic mushroom use.
Methods: We use data from the 2017 Global Drug Survey – a large anonymous online survey on patterns of drug use conducted between November 2016 and January 2017.
Results: Out of 9233 past year magic mushroom users, 19 (0.2%) reported having sought emergency medical treatment, with a per-event risk estimate of 0.06%. Young age was the only predictor associated with higher risk of emergency medical presentations. The most common symptoms were psychological, namely anxiety/panic and paranoia/suspiciousness. Poor ‘mindset’, poor ‘setting’ and mixing substances were most reported reasons for incidents. All but one respondent returned back to normality within 24 h.
Conclusions: The results confirm psilocybin mushrooms are a relatively safe drug, with serious incidents rare and short lasting. Providing harm-reduction information likely plays a key role in preventing adverse effects. More research is needed to examine the detailed circumstances and predictors of adverse reactions including rarer physiological reactions.