Implications for psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy: functional magnetic resonance imaging study with psilocybin
Robin Carhart-Harris, Robert Leech, Tom A. Williams, David Erritzøe, Najam Ul Hasan Abbasi, Theodoras Bargiotas, Peter Hobden, David J. Sharp, John Evans, Amanda Feilding, Richard G. Wise, D.j. Nutt
The British Journal of Psychiatry January 27, 2012 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.bp.111.103309 (opens in new tab)
Study at a glance
AI-extracted from the abstract| Characteristics | Randomized controlled trial Peer reviewed |
|---|---|
| Sample size | 10 |
| Population | Healthy participants |
| Intervention | Psilocybin |
| Dose | 2mg intravenous |
| Duration | Single session per condition, approximately 7 days apart; follow-up at an unspecified time |
| Topics | Psilocybin Psychedelic-assisted therapy |
| Keywords | Recall Hallucinogen Autobiographical memory Prefrontal cortex Audiology Cognitive psychology Cognition |
| Citations | 241 |
| Key findings | Psilocybin enhances autobiographical recollection, producing additional visual and sensory cortical activations and higher ratings of memory vividness and visual imagery compared to placebo. |
Abstract
Background: Psilocybin is a classic psychedelic drug that has a history of use in psychotherapy. One of the rationales for its use was that it aids emotional insight by lowering psychological defences.
Aims: To test the hypothesis that psilocybin facilitates access to personal memories and emotions by comparing subjective and neural responses to positive autobiographical memories under psilocybin and placebo.
Method: Ten healthy participants received two functional magnetic resonance imaging scans (2mg intravenous psilocybin v. intravenous saline), separated by approximately 7 days, during which they viewed two different sets of 15 positive autobiographical memory cues. Participants viewed each cue for 6 s and then closed their eyes for 16 s and imagined re-experiencing the event. Activations during this recollection period were compared with an equivalent period of eyes-closed rest. We split the recollection period into an early phase (first 8 s) and a late phase (last 8 s) for analysis.
Results: Robust activations to the memories were seen in limbic and striatal regions in the early phase and the medial prefrontal cortex in the late phase in both conditions ( P <0.001, whole brain cluster correction), but there were additional visual and other sensory cortical activations in the late phase under psilocybin that were absent under placebo. Ratings of memory vividness and visual imagery were significantly higher after psilocybin ( P <0.05) and there was a significant positive correlation between vividness and subjective wellbeing at follow-up ( P <0.01).
Conclusions: Evidence that psilocybin enhances autobiographical recollection implies that it may be useful in psychotherapy either as a tool to facilitate the recall of salient memories or to reverse negative cognitive biases.