Strong increase in the number of intoxications involving psychoactive drugs among adolescents reported to the Dutch Poisons Information Center from 2014-2023.
Ilze Mj Thoonen, Saskia J. Rietjens, Arjen Koppen, Dylan W de Lange, Johanna J Nugteren-Van Lonkhuyzen
The International journal on drug policy August 1, 2025 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2025.104860 (opens in new tab)
Study at a glance
AI-extracted from the abstract| Characteristics | Retrospective study Peer reviewed |
|---|---|
| Sample size | 978 |
| Population | Adolescents aged 13-17 years reported to the Dutch Poisons Information Center |
| Duration | 2014-2023 |
| Keywords | Substance intoxication Drug trends Adolescent Illicit drugs New psychoactive substances Psychoactive drugs Drug abuse Teen health Public health surveillance |
| Citations | 1 |
| Key points | Poisoning events with psychoactive drugs among adolescents increased significantly from 2014 to 2023, with the largest rises in cannabis products, MDMA, and 3-MMC. |
Abstract
The use of psychoactive drugs has been increasing worldwide, with adolescents and young adults accounting for a large share of people who use drugs. To date, there is limited information on trends of intoxications with psychoactive drugs among adolescents, particularly with regard to New Psychoactive Substances (NPS). A retrospective study was performed from 2014-2023 to characterize intoxications with psychoactive drugs among adolescents aged 13-17 years, reported to the Dutch Poisons Information Center (DPIC). Data were collected on patient (age and gender) and exposure characteristics (psychoactive drugs involved, day and month of exposure). From 2014-2023 the DPIC was consulted on 978 poisoning events among adolescents involving psychoactive drugs. A significant increase in the number of poisoning events was observed from 2014 to 2023 (RR = 1.14, 95 % CI: 1.11-1.16, p < 0.001). The largest increase was observed in the number of poisoning events with cannabis products (208 % increase, 2014: n = 13 vs. 2023: n = 40) (especially edibles), MDMA (100 % increase, 2014: n = 27 vs. 2023: n = 54) and 3-methylmethcathinone (3-MMC) (2014: n = 0, 2019: n = 2 vs. 2023: n = 24). There was also an increase in the variety of NPS the DPIC was consulted on, with 1 type of NPS reported in 2014 and 13 in 2023. In this study, a strong increase was observed in the number of intoxications with psychoactive drugs among adolescents from 2014-2023. The increase in intoxications with psychoactive drugs among adolescents, as well as the increase in the number of different types of NPS is worrying, since toxicity of especially NPS is often unknown. More education on the potential dangers along with upcoming legislative changes, might reverse this trend.