Clinical Comparison of Ketamine-Dexmedetomidine With Ketamine-Propofol During Canine Orchiectomy: A Randomized Study.
Mumin Gokhan Senocak
Veterinary medicine and science May 1, 2025 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.70412 (opens in new tab)
Study at a glance
AI-extracted from the abstract| Characteristics | Randomized clinical trial Peer reviewed |
|---|---|
| Sample size | 26 |
| Population | Healthy dogs undergoing orchiectomy |
| Interventions | Ketamine-dexmedetomidine Ketamine-propofol |
| Dose | ketamine (5 mg kg-1) combined with dexmedetomidine (10 µg kg-1) for KD; ketamine combined with propofol at a 1:2 concentration ratio and infused at a 0.2 mL kg-1 min-1 rate for 120 s for KP |
| Duration | 30 minutes of monitoring after induction |
| Topics | Ketamine Esketamine |
| Keywords | Canine castration Dexmedetomidine Ketadex Ketofol Propofol Veterinary anesthesia Canine surgery Anesthetic protocols Sedation medications ketamine |
| Citations | 1 |
| Key findings | Both ketamine-dexmedetomidine and ketamine-propofol combinations effectively maintain anesthesia during canine castration, with ketamine-propofol offering better cardiovascular stability but requiring more top-up doses and oxygen support. |
Abstract
To compare the effects of two different protocols, ketamine with dexmedetomidine (ketamine-dexmedetomidine [KD]) and ketamine with propofol (ketamine-propofol [KP]), on intubation time, selected cardiopulmonary parameters, and anaesthesia maintenance during canine orchiectomy in a clinical setting. Randomized clinical trial. Twenty-six healthy dogs were undergoing orchiectomy. Dogs were randomly assigned to the KD group [n = 13; single intravenous bolus of ketamine (5 mg kg-1) combined with dexmedetomidine (10 µg kg-1)], or KP group [n = 13, an intravenous bolus of ketamine combined with propofol at a 1:2 concentration ratio and infused at a 0.2 mL kg-1 min-1 rate for 120 s until jaw relaxation and the consumed amount recorded]. Orotracheal intubation followed the induction of anaesthesia. The cardiopulmonary variables were assessed at baseline and 5-min intervals up to 30 min. A 20% increase in at least two variables, such as heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and respiratory rate, prompted the administration of top-ups. Following surgery, the recovery time and quality were assessed. There was no significant difference in intubation time between KD (3.3 ± 0.8) and KP (2.7 ± 0.9, p = 0.121). Over time, HR and MAP significantly increased in the KP group compared to the KD group (p < 0.001). The haemoglobin oxygen saturation was higher in the KD group (97.7% ± 2.1%) compared to the KP (95.3% ± 2.2%, p = 0.015). The duration of the top-up requirement was longer in the KD group as compared to a single bolus of KP, with a mean difference of 31.2 min (95% CI 20.80-41.51) (p < 0.01). Both KP and KD combinations effectively maintain anaesthesia during canine castration surgery, demonstrating comparable intubation times. Although KP requires additional top-ups, it potentially offers enhanced cardiovascular stability compared to KD. However, the use of KP necessitates support of body temperature and oxygenation.
Comparable studies
Other randomized controlled trials on ketamine, most cited first.
| Study | Year | Design | Participants |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subanesthetic Effects of the Noncompetitive NMDA Antagonist, Ketamine, in Humans Healthy human subjects recruited from the community | 1994 | Randomized controlled trial | n = 19 |
| Antidepressant Efficacy of Ketamine in Treatment-Resistant Major Depression: A Two-Site Randomized Controlled Trial Patients with treatment-resistant major depression experiencing a major depressive episode | 2013 | Randomized controlled trial | n = 73 |
| Remifentanil-induced Postoperative Hyperalgesia and Its Prevention with Small-dose Ketamine Patients undergoing major abdominal surgery | 2005 | Randomized controlled trial | n = 75 |
| Efficacy of Intravenous Ketamine for Treatment of Chronic Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Patients with chronic PTSD related to a range of trauma exposures | 2014 | Randomized controlled trial | n = 41 |
| Ketamine-Induced Deficits in Auditory and Visual Context-Dependent Processing in Healthy Volunteers Healthy volunteers | 2000 | Single-blind placebo-controlled study | n = 20 |