Mitochondrial Calcium Uniporter (MCU)-Mediated Calcium Overload in Psychoactive Drug Neurotoxicity: From Pathogenesis to Therapeutic Targets.
Xinyan Yang, Yinyu Chen, Gaolin Zheng, Qianyun Nie, Peng Zhang
International Journal of Molecular Sciences May 15, 2025 DOI: 10.3390/ijms26104732 (opens in new tab)
Study at a glance
AI-extracted from the abstract| Characteristics | Review Peer reviewed |
|---|---|
| Keywords | Calcium overload Neurotoxicity Psychoactive substances Calcium signaling Drug-induced brain damage Mitochondrial dysfunction Cellular mechanisms |
| Citations | 3 |
| Key findings | MCU dysfunction mediates neurotoxic damage from psychoactive substances through calcium overload, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. |
Abstract
With rapid societal changes and increasing stress levels, the abuse of psychoactive substances has emerged as a global health crisis. Studies indicate that the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) plays a pivotal role in neurotoxic damage induced by psychoactive substances. As the primary channel for mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake, MCU dysfunction can lead to Ca2+ overload, oxidative stress, and apoptosis, representing a crucial mechanism underlying neurotoxic damage. Psychoactive substances such as 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), cocaine, and morphine influence MCU function through multiple pathways, resulting in excessive Ca2+ accumulation and mitochondrial dysfunction, ultimately leading to neuronal injury. Although MCU inhibitors have demonstrated potential in alleviating Ca2+ overload and improving neural function in preliminary studies, their selectivity and long-term safety require further evaluation. Future research should explore the precise regulatory mechanisms of MCU in neurotoxic damage induced by psychoactive substances and develop more effective targeted therapeutic strategies.