Several competing theoretical models attempt to explain consciousness, each offering a different account of its nature and mechanisms. The text outlines these models without endorsing any single one, presenting them as alternative frameworks for understanding subjective experience.
Attention Schema Theory (AST) proposes that consciousness arises from the brain's model of its own attention, treating subjective awareness as a simplified, useful description of the control of attention. The theory aims to dissolve the "hard" problem of consciousness by arguing that the feeling of consciousness is a perceptual attribution, not a metaphysical mystery. AST suggests that the brain constructs a schematic representation of attention, much like it constructs a body schema, allowing it to predict and control its own cognitive processes. This account frames consciousness as a type of information, specifically a model of attention, which enables flexible, adaptive behavior.