Recreational use of MDMA does not cause significant neuronal injury, as indicated by normal levels of N-acetyl compounds in the brain. However, in the parietal white matter, the concentration of myo-inositol was 16.3% higher and the ratio of myo-inositol to creatine was 14.1% higher in MDMA users compared to non-users. These increases, which were related to the cumulative lifetime dose of MDMA, suggest that even recreational doses may lead to increased glial content in the brain. The study involved 22 MDMA users and 37 normal subjects, using magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy to assess neurochemical abnormalities.
Recreational use of MDMA (ecstasy) may increase glial content in the brain without causing significant neuronal injury. In a comparison of 22 MDMA users and 37 non-users, magnetic resonance spectroscopy showed normal levels of N-acetyl compounds, indicating no major neuronal damage. However, MDMA users had a 16.3% higher concentration of myo-inositol and a 14.1% higher myo-inositol-to-creatine ratio in parietal white matter, with effects linked to cumulative lifetime MDMA dose. These findings suggest that even recreational MDMA exposure may alter brain glial cells.
White matter hyperintensities (WMH) are common in older adults and linked to cognitive decline, stroke, and dementia. Vascular risk factors (VRFs) such as high blood pressure contribute to WMH, but their effect on gray matter function is unclear. In 29 participants with suspected WMH, those with more VRFs showed lower cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) in the default-mode network (DMN), measured using a dual-regression analysis of BOLD imaging during hypercapnia. CVR in the DMN also correlated with resting-state coactivation. No differences were found in sensory-motor or medial-visual networks. The findings suggest that multiple VRFs may impair blood flow regulation in key brain networks.