The origin of consciousness constitutes one of the most enduring challenges in contemporary science, with implications for neuroscience, philosophy, medicine and ethics. Traditional accounts have emphasized the cerebral cortex as the seat of conscious awareness, largely due to its expansion and complexity in humans. However, converging evidence suggests that the foundations of consciousness lie...
Spontaneous brain activity exhibits a highly structured modular organization that varies across individuals and reconfigures over time. Although it has been proposed that brain organization is shaped by an economic trade-off between minimizing costs and facilitating efficient information transfer, it remains untested whether modular variability and its changes during unconscious conditions...