International Immunopharmacology - The Consciousness Library

(2R,6R)-HNK improved LPS-induced depression-like behavior by inhibiting Vcam1/Caspase-1/IL-1β pathway.

International Immunopharmacology August 1, 2026 Jinghua Zhao, Ruxin Zhang, Jiarui Pan et al.

Depression-like behavior is closely associated with neuroinflammation. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) can activate N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors and induce cellular pyroptosis and neuroinflammation, thereby triggering depression-like behavior in animals. The ketamine metabolite (2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine (HNK) exerts significant antidepressant-like effects without the adverse effects associated with...

DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2026.116833 Full text Depression 2r,6r-hnk Neuroinflammation Pyroptosis +1

Psilocybin and psilocin regulate microglial immunomodulation and support neuroplasticity via serotonergic and AhR signaling.

International Immunopharmacology June 26, 2025 Salma Laabi, Claire LeMmon, Callie Vogel et al. 15 citations

Psilocybin, a serotonergic psychedelic, has demonstrated therapeutic potential in neuropsychiatric disorders. While its neuroplastic and immunomodulatory effects are recognized, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study investigates how psilocybin and its active metabolite, psilocin, influence microglial inflammatory responses and neurotrophic factor expression through serotonergic...

DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2025.114940 Full text Psilocin 5-ht2a 5-ht2b 5-ht7 +12

Esketamine mitigates mechanical ventilation-induced lung injury in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease rats via inhibition of the MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway and reduction of oxidative stress.

International Immunopharmacology September 30, 2024 San-Ying Cai, Ang Liu, Wen-Xi Xie et al. 13 citations

To investigate esketamine's impact on inflammation and oxidative stress in ventilated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) rats, examining its regulatory mechanisms. Rats were divided into four groups: control group (Con), COPD model group (M), COPD model with saline treatment group (M+S), and COPD model with esketamine treatment group (M+K), with 12 rats in each group. After two...

DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112725 Full text Esketamine Inflammation Mechanical ventilation Oxidative stress +5

Deciphering psilocybin: Cytotoxicity, anti-inflammatory effects, and mechanistic insights

International Immunopharmacology February 23, 2024 Salma Laabi, Claire LeMmon, Callie Vogel et al. 16 citations

A decade of clinical research has indicated psilocybin's effectiveness in treating various neuropsychiatric disorders, such as depression and substance abuse. The correlation between increased pro-inflammatory cytokines and the severity of neuropsychiatric symptoms, along with the known anti-inflammatory potential of some psychedelics, suggests an immunomodulatory role for psilocybin. This...

DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111753 Psilocybin Pharmacology Cytokine Hallucinogen +1

Harmine exerts anxiolytic effects by regulating neuroinflammation and neuronal plasticity in the basolateral amygdala.

International Immunopharmacology May 5, 2023 Zhi-Heng Zheng, Xing-Cheng Lin, Ying-ling Lu et al.

Increasing evidence indicates that an altered immune system is closely linked to the pathophysiology of anxiety disorders, and inhibition of neuroinflammation may represent an effective therapeutic strategy to treat anxiety disorders. Harmine, a beta-carboline alkaloid in various medicinal plants, has been widely reported to display anti-inflammatory and potentially anxiolytic effects. However,...

DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110208

Effect of ketamine combined with DHA on lipopolysaccharide-induced depression-like behavior in rats.

International Immunopharmacology August 1, 2019 Daiyue Chang, Jinghua Zhao, Xintong Zhang et al.

Depression has become a common mental illness, and studies have shown that neuroinflammation is associated with depression. Ketamine is a rapid antidepressant. In order to obtain better antidepressant effects, it is necessary to explore the efficacy of combination therapy with ketamine and other antidepressants. DHA is an unsaturated fatty acid with excellent application prospects due to its...

DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105788