Dose-dependent effects of esketamine on the prevention of propofol-induced injection pain: a randomized controlled trial
BMC Anesthesiology January 17, 2026 Danyun Fu, Yilei Shen, Hongyan Xiao et al.
BACKGROUND: In our previous study, we showed that a low dose of esketamine could alleviate propofol-induced injection pain during general anesthesia induction. However, the dose-response relationship of esketamine remains unclear. This study aims to evaluate the dose-dependent efficacy of esketamine in preventing propofol-induced injection pain. METHODS: In this double-blind, randomized...