Many Ways to Think.
Journal of Bioethical Inquiry September 1, 2025 B Tversky 2 citations
Thinking, collaborating, and communicating involve interactions among the body, mind, language, and physical things. Bodily actions like pointing and nodding express intention and refer to the world. Sequences of gestures can represent environments, systems, or ideas more directly than words, as do sketches, maps, graphs, and diagrams. Creating or observing gestures and graphics can change thought for both viewers and makers. These interactions are often internal, invisible, and not easily broken into words, allowing shared and individual meanings to emerge and shift in real time. Such features challenge current multimodal AI.