Effects of ketamine on sleep and circadian rhythmicity in major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder: A systematic review.
Journal of Affective Disorders May 6, 2026 Rutger Boesjes, Claudia Oosterveld, Jeanine Kamphuis et al. 1 citation
Ketamine, including its enantiomers (S)-ketamine (esketamine) and (R)-ketamine (arketamine), has demonstrated rapid antidepressant effects in major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD), yet clinical responses vary widely, highlighting the need to identify mechanisms underlying treatment efficacy and related potential predictors. Growing evidence suggests that alterations in sleep...