The beginning of the twenty-first century has been marked by profound transformations in the ways reality, human beings, and society are understood. The rapid development of cognitive science, neuroscience, complexity theory, synergetics, quantum physics, digital technologies, and artificial intelligence has prompted a fundamental reconsideration of many traditional assumptions concerning the...
The article is devoted to a comparative analysis of philosophical and Sufi models of self-reflection to develop an integrative metamodel framework of subject formation. In the Western philosophical tradition, self-reflection is primarily understood as a rational-analytical procedure oriented toward clarifying the conditions of knowledge, conceptualizing experience, and securing the certainty of...