Ketamine has emerged as a highly effective intervention for treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Though it acts as a non-competitive antagonist of excitatory N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDAR), widely expressed in the brain, including on inhibitory γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic cells, the mechanisms of its antidepressant action are less clear. To investigate the links between glutamate...
The theoretical framework of classical thermodynamics unifies vastly diverse natural phenomena and captures once-elusive effects in concrete terms. Neuroscience confronts equally varied, equally ineffable phenomena in the mental realm, but has yet to unite or to apprehend them rigorously, perhaps due to an insufficient theoretical framework. The terms for mental phenomena, the mental variables,...