The Monoamine-Glutamate Continuum of Depression: A Neurobiological Framework for Precision Psychiatry.
Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) April 24, 2026 Pietro Carmellini, Alessandro Cuomo, Maria Beatrice Rescalli et al.
Background/Objectives: Major depressive disorder (MDD) remains a leading cause of disability worldwide and exhibits substantial biological heterogeneity that is not adequately captured by current symptom-based diagnostic systems. While the classical monoamine hypothesis has historically guided antidepressant development, it does not fully account for variability in treatment response, delayed...