Intranasal esketamine plus oral antidepressant for treatment-resistant depression: acute induction and maintenance relapse-prevention outcomes in a systematic review and meta-analysis
Frontiers in Psychiatry July 3, 2026 Jingqiang Xie, Chunying Pu, Mingyue Sun
Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) remains a major clinical challenge. Intranasal esketamine, used adjunctively with an oral antidepressant, has been evaluated in randomized trials, but uncertainty persists regarding the magnitude and consistency of benefit, durability, and key harms. This systematic review and meta-analysis included randomized controlled trials comparing intranasal...