Real-world outcomes of intranasal esketamine and intravenous ketamine induction therapy for treatment-resistant depression in a community clinic: a retrospective cohort study
Frontiers in Psychiatry July 9, 2026 Patrice A. Bellanti, Jordan Lewis, Brian Seifferth et al.
Introduction Intravenous (IV) ketamine and intranasal esketamine are NMDA receptor antagonists used for treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Both have demonstrated efficacy in controlled trials, but observational evidence from real-world community settings is limited. Methods We conducted a single-center retrospective cohort study of adults aged 18 to 65 receiving induction therapy for TRD...