Toxicometabolomics Characterization of Two N1-Sulfonated Dimethyltryptamine Derivatives in Zebrafish Larvae and Human Liver S9 Fractions Using Liquid Chromatography-High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry.
Metabolites February 14, 2026 Prajwal Punnamraju, Sascha K. Manier, Selina Hemmer et al.
A liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry workflow was used to investigate the metabolism of two N1-sulfonated N,N-dimethyltryptamine derivatives, which have potential for both therapeutic use and recreational abuse. Zebrafish larvae and pooled human liver S9 fractions revealed key phase I and phase II biotransformations. Untargeted metabolomics showed significant downregulation of L-threonine associated with compound exposure. These findings advance the understanding of tryptamine metabolism and highlight the value of toxicometabolomics for evaluating novel psychoactive substances.