This is the first systematic review to assess the effectiveness of ketamine/esketamine in this cohort. Our findings suggest that ketamine/esketamine may be useful in improving symptoms of depression, in those with comorbid borderline personality disorder. Limited study data are available; however, given case reports of suicidal ideation and self-harm following treatment cessation, as well as...
Abstract: This article considers the shaman's visionary encounters with spirit beings from the critical viewpoint of several innovative theories of shamanism: Richard Noll's cognitive approach and Michael Winkelman's neurophenomenological perspective. These distinct approaches are analyzed in light of Jung's central concepts of the archetypes, the collective unconscious, and the individuation...