Adverse drug events and toxicological mechanisms of esketamine: a study based on US Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System and network toxicology analysis.
Esketamine is increasingly used to induce general anesthesia in pediatric populations. However, its neurological effects on healthy individuals-especially during early developmental stages-remain a topic of ongoing debate. In particular, concerns persist regarding its impact on the developing brain at extreme ages. Furthermore, the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects have not yet been...