Mindfulness-based Emotion Regulation Training (MBERT) reduces depressive symptoms and rumination in people with major depressive disorder. During emotion regulation exercises, brain activity increased in the bilateral inferior frontal gyrus and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, key regions of the cognitive control network. Across training sessions, oxygenation in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex decreased, suggesting neural adaptation. The study used functional near-infrared spectroscopy to measure brain activity during therapy sessions in 42 participants.
An umbrella review of 13 systematic reviews and meta-analyses examined the efficacy of classic and non-classic psychedelics (LSD, psilocybin, ayahuasca, mescaline, and ibogaine) for treating substance use disorders, including alcohol, tobacco, opioid, and cannabis use disorders. Only two reviews performed meta-analyses; the rest provided narrative syntheses. Twelve reviews were rated critically low in methodological quality, and one was rated low. While some reviews reported promising effects, particularly for alcohol use disorder, others concluded the evidence remains inconclusive or inconsistent. Overlap of primary studies across reviews was slight. The overall evidence base is limited by methodological weaknesses and inconclusive results.