This integrative review describes using mindfulness to reduce pain and anxiety during the perioperative period in surgical patients. As an exploratory aim, the relationship between mindfulness and opioid use after surgery was also explored. CINAHL, PubMed and EMBASE databases were queried to identify articles examining the relationship between mindfulness, postoperative pain and opioid...
MDMA (or 3, 4 methylenedioxymethamphetamine) was first manufactured in the 1920s and found to have structural similarities to both mescaline and amphetamines. Used briefly by some therapists in the 1970s and early 1980s as an adjunct to psychotherapy, it is now primarily abused by teenagers and young adults as an illicit recreational drug known as "ecstasy." As its popularity has increased, so...