Comparative efficacy and safety of intravenous racemic ketamine, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and electroconvulsive therapy for Stage 2 or higher treatment-resistant depression: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.
Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences Reports September 1, 2025 Itsuki Terao, Takahiro Tsuge, Tomoo Sato et al. 2 citations
Although electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is the standard treatment for Stage 2 or higher treatment-resistant depression, it has several drawbacks. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and intravenous racemic ketamine (IV ketamine) have emerged as potential alternatives, but their comparative effectiveness and safety remain unclear due to limited evidence. We systematically...
DOI: 10.1002/pcn5.70136 (opens in new tab)
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Treatment-resistant depression
Network meta‐analysis
Transcranial magnetic stimulation
Treatment resistance
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