Cognitive Impairment after Small-dose Ketamine Isomers in Comparison to Equianalgesic Racemic Ketamine in Human Volunteers
Anesthesiology February 1, 2002 Ernst G. Pfenninger, Marcel E. Durieux, Sabine Himmelseher
Background: Ketamine is increasingly used in pain therapy but may impair brain functions. Mood and cognitive capacities were compared after equianalgesic small-dose S(+)-, R(-)-, and racemic ketamine in healthy volunteers. Methods: Twenty-four subjects received intravenous 0.5 mg/kg racemic, 0.25 mg/kg S(+)-, and 1.0 mg/kg R(-)-ketamine in a prospective, randomized, double-blind, crossover...