Afrayem Morgan

Attention to breath sensations does not engage endogenous opioids to reduce pain.

Pain March 9, 2020 Rebecca E Wells, Jason Collier, Grace Posey et al.

The endogenous opioidergic system is critically involved in the cognitive modulation of pain. Slow-breathing-based techniques are widely used nonpharmacological approaches to reduce pain. Yet, the active mechanisms of actions supporting these practices are poorly characterized. Growing evidence suggest that mindfulness-meditation, a slow-breathing technique practiced by nonreactively attending...