Ben Cormack

The biopsychosocial model is lost in translation: from misrepresentation to an enactive modernization.

Physiotherapy Theory and Practice May 28, 2022 Ben Cormack, Peter Stilwell, Sabrina Coninx et al.

INTRODUCTION: There are increasing recommendations to use the biopsychosocial model (BPSM) as a guide for musculoskeletal research and practice. However, there is a wide range of interpretations and applications of the model, many of which deviate from George Engel's original BPSM. These deviations have led to confusion and suboptimal patient care. OBJECTIVES: 1) To review Engel's original...