Ketamine reduces microglial activation and brain monocyte infiltration and promotes peripheral regulatory immune cells, relieving lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced depressive-like behavior in mice.
Molecular Psychiatry November 18, 2025 A. Arena, M. R. Rubinstein, A. M. Genaro et al.
Ketamine has emerged as a rapid and sustained treatment for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and an alternative for patients who have not responded to traditional therapies. Its effects have been partly attributed to the noncompetitive antagonism of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) in the central nervous system, which enhances neuroplasticity. However, the etiopathology of MDD is...