Encounter with supernatural agents and other drug-occasioned immaterial entities are a common aspect of psychedelic experiences. However, existing theories offer incomplete explanations for this phenomenon. This paper proposes a theoretical model of psychedelic supernatural agent experiences grounded in active inference. We review recent theoretical models of psychedelic neurological activity...
Near-death experiences (NDEs) and advanced contemplative practices such as dark retreat are frequently reported to involve vivid inner imagery, encounters with non-ordinary agents, moral insight, and panoramic life reviews. Despite growing empirical interest, these experiences remain theoretically fragmented across neuroscience, psychology, and religious studies. In this paper, we develop a...