Buddhist meditation is widely studied in relation to mindfulness, emotion regulation, compassion, and well-being, yet it is often operationalized as an attentional or stress-reduction technique detached from the ethical and cultural conditions of practice. This article develops the ethical-cultural training ecology model, a Hypothesis and Theory framework that treats Buddhist meditation as a...
Background Anxiety is one of the most prevalent global mental health disorders, with its incidence having risen substantially since the COVID-19 pandemic and remaining elevated in the post-pandemic era. According to the process model of emotion regulation, mindfulness may serve as an early-stage cognitive change strategy that enhances emotional stability and ultimately reduces anxiety. While...