The Toxic Legacy of Recreational Nitrous Oxide Use: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Multisystem Complications From Functional Vitamin B12 Deficiency
Cureus May 1, 2026 Richa Tikaria, A. Kapp, Samantha Shook et al.
Recreational nitrous oxide (N2O) use has increased in recent years and is an increasingly recognized cause of functional vitamin B12 deficiency with associated neurological and systemic complications. This systematic review and meta-analysis summarizes published case reports and case series describing the clinical, biochemical, and neurodiagnostic features of N2O-induced B12 deficiency. A...