Transformation of the Spiritual Paradigm in Formal and Non Formal Religious Interaction in the Modern Era
Jurnal Sosiologi Agama dan Teologi Indonesia July 7, 2025 Muhamad Ali Mas'ud, Moh. Nor Ichwan, Syariif Ahmad Ja'far Shoodiq et al.
This research critically explores the dynamics of alternative spirituality and its relationship with formal religion in the face of social changes due to modernization, individualization, and globalization. The shift in spiritual paradigms in the modern era reflects a dissatisfaction with dogmatism and the hierarchical structure of formal religions, which is pushing individuals to seek a more...