Introduction Current antidepressants (SSRIs/SNRIs) face limitations including delayed onset (4–6 weeks) and modest efficacy (~50% response rates), while serotonergic psychedelics show rapid antidepressant potential via 5-HT2A agonism and synaptic plasticity but are hindered by hallucinogenic activity and 5-HT2B-mediated cardiotoxicity. Objectives To address these challenges, we characterize...