Rapid amygdala responses during trace fear conditioning without awareness.
PLoS One 2014 Nicholas L Balderston, Douglas H Schultz, Sylvain Baillet et al.
The role of consciousness in learning has been debated for nearly 50 years. Recent studies suggest that conscious awareness is needed to bridge the gap when learning about two events that are separated in time, as is true for trace fear conditioning. This has been repeatedly shown and seems to apply to other forms of classical conditioning as well. In contrast to these findings, we show that...