Effectiveness of pranayama for mental disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Frontiers in Psychiatry 2025 Christian Mütze, Dietmar Mitzinger, Heidemarie Haller
This review systematically assessed the evidence on the effectiveness and safety of prāṇāyāma, traditional yogic breathing techniques, for patients diagnosed with mental disorders. We searched PubMed, PsycINFO, and Central until April 2024. We calculated standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) from both intention-to-treat (ITT) and per-protocol (PP) data for...