The effectiveness of the Wim Hof method on cardiac autonomic function, blood pressure, arterial compliance, and different psychological parameters
Scientific Reports October 16, 2023 Sascha Ketelhut, Dario Querciagrossa, Xaviér J. B. Bisang et al. 12 citations
A 15-day Wim Hof method intervention combining cold exposure, breathing exercises, and meditation did not produce significant changes in cardiovascular measures (heart rate, blood pressure, pulse wave velocity, heart rate variability) at rest or during a cold pressor test, nor in psychological measures (perceived stress, positive and negative affect, subjective vitality) compared to a control group. Forty-two participants were randomly assigned to either the intervention or control group. No positive effects of the daily Wim Hof method were detected on any cardiovascular or psychological parameter.