Among all vital functions, breathing is uniquely under both autonomic and volitional control. This dual control enables conscious recognition and regulation of arousal. While breathwork affects arousal and relaxation, research rarely investigates the impact of specific parameters or individual differences. In a randomized crossover trial (N = 42), university students practiced three 5-min,...
This study examines the immediate neurophysiological and psychological effects of a five-minute guided breathing meditation compared to a matched five-minute educational podcast as an active control. Using a wireless 14-channel EEG system (Emotiv EPOC X) in a randomized within-subject crossover design, we aim to (1) test whether brief meditation induces a distinct neurophysiological state that...